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The term "proxy" is a reference to a proxy often known as proxy server software that functions to act as an intermediary for server and a client on the internet. Without proxy, a user could make a request for the server directly and the server will serve direct to the requester. While this approach is straightforward to grasp and use, proxies can provide advantages such as more performance and security, privacy, and so on. As a pass-through layer, the proxy serves as a shield to the internet between users and servers.




The general combination of server hardware and the software to install proxy servers is commonly referred to as proxy servers. This article will concentrate on proxy servers which are generally considered to be software but specifically, in relation to servers for web. This article will give a synopsis of the two primary types of proxy servers: the reverse proxy as well as a forward proxy and reverse proxy. reverse proxy. Each type has its own use case, and is often misinterpreted due to the similar terminology.




This article will provide you with an idea of the how proxies work, what their subtypes are and the ways that they can prove useful in a variety of configurations. If you read this article you'll be able to recognize the circumstances in which using proxies can be advantageous, and determine the most suitable option between reverse proxy and forward proxy in any given situation.



Understanding Forward Proxies



A forward proxy, also known in the context of the open proxy serves as the representative of the client trying to transmit a request through the internet to a source server. In this scenario, every request made from the user's side will be sent via an forward proxy. The forward proxy, in place of the client examines the request. Then, it will determine whether the client is allowed to send requests via this particular forward proxy. It will then either reject an request and send it back to its server that originated the request. The client is unable to connect directly with the Internet. It is only able to connect to what forward proxy allows the client to access.




The most popular reason to use forward proxies is to increase security or privacy when surfing the internet. Forward proxy allows you to connect to the internet rather than the client. In this way, it utilizes a different IP address than the IP address used by the client.




Depending on how it's configured, and how it is configured forward proxy could offer a variety of features, allowing you to:




Beware of ad-tracker.


Circumvent surveillance.


You can determine restrictions based upon your geographical location.




Forward proxies are also used to secure systems that are centralized and have access dependent on permissions, for instance at work. In the event that all internet traffic goes through a common forward proxy layer an administrator can restrict access to just a small number of users to the internet, which is filtered by an common firewall. Instead of setting up firewalls for the client layer which could be used by multiple computers with different environments and types of users you can establish an firewall that is located in the front proxy layer.




Be aware that forward proxy servers need to be configured manually for use before they can be utilized, whereas reverse proxies can be obfuscated by clients. Based on the fact that an IP address belonging to a user is relayed to the origin server by the forward proxy privacy and anonymity can be granted or denied.




There are numerous alternatives to look into for forward proxy services.




Apache An open-source, well-known web server that comes with forward proxy capability.


Nginx: Another popular open-source webserver, which includes forward proxy features.


Squid: A free forward proxy that uses an HTTP protocol. It's not part of the complete web server. Learn more about how to configure Squid proxy to allow private connections to Ubuntu 20.04.


Dante Forward proxy that utilizes the SOCKS protocol instead of HTTP which allows it to be more suitable for use instances like peer-to-peer traffic. You might also want to know how to set up Dante proxy to allow private connections with Ubuntu 20.04



Understanding Reverse Proxies



Reverse proxy serves as an agent for a web server, which processes requests from customers for its behalf. It could represent either a single or multiple servers. Additionally, it could be an application server, like Gunicorn. In either scenario the request will be made through the internet generally. The request is typically directed directly to the web server hosting the information the client is in need of. A reverse proxy acts as an intermediary that isolates this webserver from all direct interaction with the internet's public.




From the perspective of the individual client's perspective, the process of using reverse proxy is the same from interacting with the server on its own. It's the same, but the client is unable to discern the difference. Client requests the resource and then receives it, with no extra configuration needed by the client.




Reverse proxies provide features like:




The server for the web is secure centrally.


Incoming traffic is directed by rules you have set.


A new feature for caching is now available.




While central security is a benefit of both reverse and forward proxy servers. Reverse proxies offer this benefit only to the server layer, they do not offer this feature to clients. Instead of focusing on the maintenance of firewalls on the server level that may contain several servers, each with various configurations, the bulk of firewall security is concentrated in the reverse proxy layer. In addition, removing the responsibility of communicating with a firewall and connecting to client requests off web servers enables the firewall to focus on serving the requirements of their clients.




In the event that there's multiple servers being hosted within a reverse proxy the reverse proxy is responsible for how requests are routed through the server that is hosting them. Many web servers may be offering the identical service, providing various kinds of resources or a mix of both. The servers could use the HTTP protocol to perform the role of a web server in the traditional sense, however, they may also incorporate application server protocols such as FastCGI. You can also configure a reverse proxy to direct users to specific servers based on the resource being requested or to abide by certain guidelines for traffic load.




Reverse proxies may also profit by their positioning before web servers by offering the ability to cache. Large static assets can be set with caching rules in order to avoid hitting web servers each time you request. There are solutions allowing you to serve directly static assets without connecting to the web server in any way. In addition, the reverse proxy can manage compressing these assets.




The renowned Nginx web server can also function as a reliable reverse proxy solution. Although Apache can also be a reverse proxy service, the Apache web server is equipped with a reverse proxy function which is a feature available to Apache but Nginx was initially designed specifically for reverse proxy features.



The distinction between Forward Proxy and Reverse Proxy Use Situations



Since "forward" and "reverse" have connotations of directionality, and false comparisons to "incoming" as well as "outgoing" traffic The labels can be confusing since both types of proxy servers handle both requests as well as responses. An alternative method to distinguish between reverse and forward proxy is to look at the requirements of the program that you're creating.




A reverse proxy can be helpful when you're developing a solution to deliver web applications to the internet. They serve as your web servers when you use the internet.




Forward proxy can be beneficial when they are used to present your customers' information to use for personal purposes or in a professional setting. They are your client's proxy for interactions on the internet.




The ability to differentiate by the use of case instead of focusing solely on common naming conventions can assist you in avoiding confusion.



Conclusion



This article will explain what a proxy is with two types: the reverse proxy and forward proxy. Practical examples of its use and a review of the beneficial features were used to differentiate forward proxies from reverse proxies. If you're keen to learn more about the use of proxy servers, you should check out our tutorial on how to set up Nginx as a reverse proxy using Apache on an Ubuntu 20.04 server.



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